What is the primary function of the governor in elevator systems?

The primary function of the governor in elevator systems is to monitor speed and apply tension to ensure safe operation. The governor's role is crucial for detecting overspeed conditions, meaning it measures the velocity of the elevator cab or its safety gear. When the governor senses that the elevator is traveling too fast, it activates the safety mechanisms to either slow down or stop the car, preventing potentially dangerous situations.

This safety device plays an essential part in the overall safety of the elevator system. By continuously monitoring speed, it ensures that the elevator operates within safe limits, thereby protecting passengers and the elevator equipment itself. The governor helps maintain control over the system’s operation and is integral in adhering to safety regulations and standards that govern elevator operations.

In contrast, the other options pertain to different functionalities that are not directly related to what the governor does. For example, increasing speed, controlling load capacity, or providing power supply are managed by other components of the elevator system, such as the motor, controller, or various sensors, but not by the governor itself.